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Process Fundamentals

The building blocks of historical photography — the daguerreotype, ambrotype, tintype, and collodion processes, the chemistry and optics behind them, and how exposure and reciprocity actually work.

Daguerreotype

Daguerreotype

Ambrotype

Ambrotype

Tintype

Tintype

Collodion process

Collodion process

Calotype

Calotype

Albumen print

Albumen print

Photographic plate

Photographic plate

Camera obscura

Camera obscura

Heliography

Heliography

Latent image

Latent image

Photographic film

Photographic film

Reciprocity (photography)

Reciprocity (photography)

Exposure (photography)

Exposure (photography)